Which type of source is categorized as an external information source?

Independent research and marketing is considered an external information source because it refers to information that comes from outside the individual and their immediate environment. This type of source typically includes data from academic studies, consumer reports, advertising, and market research conducted by independent entities. Such sources are valuable because they provide a broader perspective and often present a more objective view of product offerings, brand reputations, and market trends.

Whereas personal experience and direct brand interaction are based on an individual's firsthand encounters with products or brands—making them internal sources—family and friends also fall within the category of personal connections and are more subjective. They share opinions and experiences that, while informative, are still rooted in the individual's personal network rather than independent data or research. Therefore, independent research and marketing stand out as the correct option since they rely on external, data-driven insights.