Which type of information is characterized by episodic and semantic knowledge in consumer behavior?

The correct answer is characterized by declarative knowledge, which refers to the type of knowledge that involves facts and information that can be consciously recalled. In the context of consumer behavior, declarative knowledge encompasses both episodic and semantic knowledge.

Episodic knowledge relates to personal experiences and specific events that a consumer has encountered, such as remembering a specific advertisement that influenced their purchase decision. Semantic knowledge, on the other hand, involves general facts and information that one knows about a product, brand, or market category, independent of personal experiences. For example, knowing that milk is a source of calcium or understanding the benefits of a brand's product falls under semantic knowledge.

This distinction makes declarative knowledge a key component for marketers aiming to shape consumer perceptions, as it encompasses the factual basis of brand recognition and consumer attitudes. The other types of knowledge mentioned do not fit this definition as precisely. Procedural knowledge relates more to skills and how to perform tasks rather than recollecting facts. Behavioral learning focuses on how consumers learn behaviorally through rewards and punishments instead of recalling knowledge. Experiential knowledge emphasizes learning through experience rather than through the storage of specific factual information.