Which of the following represents the three types of cognitive learning?

The correct answer is B, which identifies the three types of cognitive learning as accretion, tuning, and restructuring.

Accretion refers to the process of adding new information to existing knowledge. This involves incorporating new experiences or insights into an already established framework, enhancing and expanding understanding without fundamentally changing the structure of that knowledge. This is crucial in cognitive learning because it drives the accumulation of information and aids in building a richer cognitive structure.

Tuning involves adjusting existing cognitive frameworks to better accommodate new information. When learners encounter information that does not fit their preconceived notions, tuning allows them to modify their understanding to maintain coherence with new experiences. This adaptability is essential for effective learning, as it enables individuals to assimilate diverse inputs and refine their cognitive models.

Restructuring signifies a more significant transformation in cognitive frameworks, where the learner reorganizes their understanding. This process can lead to the formation of entirely new concepts or ideas as old information is discarded or drastically altered. Restructuring is critical when faced with significant contradictions or revelations that cannot be reconciled with existing knowledge.

These three processes—accretion, tuning, and restructuring—illustrate how individuals learn and adapt their understanding in a dynamic and cognitive manner, highlighting the depth and complexity of cognitive learning theories