Which of the following best describes intentional exposure?

Intentional exposure is characterized by goal-directed behavior, where consumers actively seek out information and stimuli that align with their specific needs, desires, or objectives. This can occur when a person deliberately seeks out advertisements, product information, or any content that can help them make informed decisions regarding a purchase or interest. For instance, a consumer might read reviews or search for specific brands before making a buying decision, exemplifying their intention to gather relevant information.

The other options do not align with this concept as they describe forms of exposure that are not driven by a purposeful quest for information. Passive exposure refers to situations where consumers encounter marketing messages without actively seeking them out, while exposure due to unusual events or coincidence suggests a lack of intent behind the encounter.